Cyrus Marion Roberts was born in Deerfield township, Morgan County, Ohio, January 14, 1839. Left fatherless at the age of five years, he went, with his mother and sister, to Philadelphia, his mother's native city, where they remained 7 years, during which time he and his sister attended the 12^th Street School of the Society of Friends.

He returned to Ohio in 1851, and soon after entered Athens College, which he attended for two years. At this time he was compelled to leave school and seek employment, which he readily found with the late C. L. Barker, with whom he remained for two years, after which he was employed by J. B. Stone & Co.

Ambitious to pursue his education, he entered the McConnelsville High School in 1858. He taught in Pennsylvania during the winters of 1858 and '59, continuing his studies in the meantime, and graduated with his class in June, 1860.

In November following, he went to New Orleans on business, where he was delayed on account of the blockaded condition of our country, until June, 1861. On his return to McConnelsville he found his mother's health in an alarming condition, and devoted himself to her until her death, one month later.

October 30^th he enlisted in the service of his country, and assisted in recruiting Company E, 78^th Regiment, O.V.I., of which company he was commissioned 2^nd Lieutenant, and went with the Regiment to Camp Gilbert, and later joined the Army of the Tennessee at the battle of Fort Donelson. In 1863, after being promoted to 1^st Lieutenant, he was detailed for duty in the Signal Corps, in which position he remained through the Vicksburg campaign, and afterwards on G. Curtis's staff, in Missouri and Kansas, until January, 1865, when he was appointed Captain, and relieved from duty in the Signal Corps, returned to the Regiment, and was assigned to the command of Company F. He was in command of the company but a few weeks when he was detailed on the staff of Major-General Frank P. Blair, Jr., as Commissary of Musters, mustering out the 17^th Army Corps, at Louisville, Kentucky, July 31, 1865.

Returning home at the close of the war, Captain Roberts entered into business in McConnelsville, and in March, 1867, was married to Ella C. McCarty, who, with five children -- Mrs. J. S. Cleveland, of Mt. Gilead, Ohio; Mary W., Martha K., Edwin C., and Ella Marion -- still survive him.

He served two terms as Clerk of the Courts of Morgan County, during which time he thought it best, on account of his health, to leave the Muskingum Valley and , in 1878, removed to Columbus, Ohio, where he lived for sixteen years, engaged in active business pursuits, and filling positions of great trust.

Upon the advice of his physician he sought out-door life, and located on a farm near Granville, Ohio. In September, 1893, where he lived until his death, December 15, 1900.

He "stood up for Jesus" during the morning meetings of 1858, and united with the Baptist church, of McConnellsville. From that time, while in health, his place was never vacant in the Sabbath School, prayer meeting, or the public gatherings of God's people. After his removal to Columbus he united with the First Baptist church, and later became one of the constituent members of the Hildreth Church, of that city.

In 1894 he united with the Baptist church of Granville, where he retained his membership until death. During his lifetime he was a faithful and consistent Christina, serving the churches, with which he was connected, in nearly every official capacity within their gift.

Tender and impressive services were conducted in the church, by his pastor, Rev. C. J. Baldwin. His remains were carried through the open ranks of his comrades, of '61-'65, and laid in their last resting place in Maple Grove cemetery, Granville.

A Tribute to the Memory of the Late Captain Cyrus M. Roberts, by Prof. W. A. Chamberlin, of Denison University, Granville, Ohio:

Captain Cyrus M. Roberts, whose death occurred on December 15, spent the last years of his life at his farm, near Granville, to which he retired from active business life for the benefit of his health. As one who became well acquainted with him during these years and knew him in the home and in his various relations to others, it is a pleasure for me to speak of his manly, Christian character, as it was revealed to me during this time. A prevailing trait of his character was modesty. This was, perhaps, developed especially during these declining years, when he felt that his active services for his country, in business sand in society had earned the reward of rest. So quiet was his life among us that, perhaps, only a few appreciated his sterling worth. He had made a career for himself that was honorable and worthy of pride. Yet he never boasted of his achievements, but preferred to stand on the solid merits of his present attainments. His military record was illustrious, yet he scarcely ever referred to it, and few knew how distinguished his service had been. Only by reference to his war diary, which he allowed me to read a few years ago, I found that he performed special and dangerous services in the Signal Corps, and as aid-de-camp to Gen. Pleasanton in the struggles in the West. His valuable services brought him promotion to the Captaincy of his company, and he returned to his regiment in time to participate in the closing scenes of Sherman's march.

His faithfulness in everything relating to duty was one of his most pronounced characteristics. This was specially noticeable in his church work, in which his service was freely bestowed, and efficiently rendered. Every Sunday found him in his accustomed place in the church, and this continued to within a few weeks of his death. He looked forward with pleasure to the services of the Sabbath, and relinquished his place only when failing strength made it impossible for him to attend the services longer. For several years he had served the church as trustee and deacon.

Yet only those who knew him in the home can appreciate the sweetest graces of his character. There he was friendly and cordial to his friends to a rare degree. His home was ever open to them, and his hospitality made it a welcome spot to all visitors. No one ever took more delight in family life. All the members of the home circle shared the affection of his warm, personal nature and were endeared to him by the strongest ties of love.

His life had not been free from trials, but these he bore with patient, uncomplaining fortitude. The most severe of all was reserved for the last. Death, whom he faced unscathed on the battle field, was destined to come after a long and weary struggle, in which strength ebbed slowly away. But he faced the last foe with courageous trust. For months he knew that the end was approaching. Yet he went about his duties calmly, as his strength permitted. During all the long summer and fall he bore up bravely under the terrible struggle, supporting himself on the "precious promises" whj9ihc he cherished. The memory of his love, his faithfulness and his patient, Christian living, will ever remain fragrant in the hearts of his friends.

W. A. Chamberlin,

Granville, Jan. 4, 1901.

Prefatory Notes and Important Dates

The extant portions of the Civil War diaries of Cyrus Marion Roberts begin two years into the war. The following notes are added to provide background and context for the diaries.

31 October 1861 Cyrus Marion Roberts enlists in the 78^th Ohio Volunteer Infantry as a private.

23 December 1861 Promoted to 2^nd Lieutenant, Company E, Camp Gilbert, Zanesville, Ohio.

11 February 1862 78^th O. V. I. Departs from Camp Gilbert.

16 February 1862 78^th arrives at Fort Donelson.

7 April 1862 Battle of Shiloh: 78^th in reserve on the right.

20 August 1862 Lt. Roberts is detailed to serve on Court Martial of Corporal Hubert Henry, Co. F, 78^th O.V.I., Bolivar, Tennessee. Corporal Henry is found guilty of forging a pass on August 9, 1862 at Bolivar, Tennessee and is "reduced to the ranks, with a reprimand . . ." (General Order No. 11, 78^th O.V.I., Col. M. D. Leggett).

28 August 1862 "On last Monday morning, at two o'clock A.M., Companies A and E went on a foraging expedition, having thirty wagons in our train. We went about eighteen miles, stopped at a plantation, ordered dinner, and then made an attack upon corn cribs, watermelons and peaches while dinner was in process of preparation. Three young ladies discoursed us interesting music upon the piano. They were good singers, and sung us secesh songs by the dozen . . .

After passing a few pleasant hours, we made preparations to leave. One of the young ladies spoke to me privately about some of our Lieutenants --- told me to let it be known that our company was very acceptable and would be so again, provided certain Lieutenants came without train and men.

We then left with about two hundred bushels of corn. We went to a neighboring plantation, about two miles distant . . . We met quite a number of women and young ladies here, decidedly the most intelligent and handsome we have met in Tennessee. Their education was of the highest caste. But they were secession all over and entertained the most bitter feelings toward the Yankees . . .

One of the young ladies, unsurpassed in beauty of person and appearance, as well as in every accomplishment of a prepossessing nature, made about as deep an impression upon the Second Lieutenant of Company E as he did upon one of the ladies of the former plantation, and went so far as to tell him if he would come and superintend the servants and the work upon the plantation, he should have whatever he asked.

But all this interesting attachment was cut short when, in a few minutes afterwards, the Lieutenant was sent with a guard to search the house for arms. This he did with some embarrassment. The ladies thanked him for the gentlemanly manner in which he did his duty. We all left for camp, the boys delighted with the days enjoyment. We reached camp about two o'clock next morning." (Capt. Thomas M. Stevenson, Co. E., 78^th O.V.I., Morgan County Herald, Friday, 12 September 1862).

30 August 1862 Engagement at Spring Creek (near Bolivar), Tennessee. While on a reconnaissance patrol commanded by Col. Leggett two companies from the 20thOhio and companies C and E of the 78^th Ohio encountered a large rebel force, engaged the enemy and retreated. The companies from the 20^th Ohio were captured, but companies C and E successfully made their way back to the 78^th regiment.

"The two companies of the Seventy-Eighth Ohio were nearly surrounded, but by the dexterity of Colonel Wiles, then Captain of Company C, were saved by wading a swamp and passing through cornfields, piloted by one of the faithful colored men who was acquainted with all the ravines and places of retreat between that and Bolivar.

Toward evening companies E and C, supposed by all to be taken prisoners, returned to camp and were received with many cheers; only one was missing, and he returned next morning (Stevenson 1865:172).

Col. Leggett wrote in his official report: "Lieutenant W. W. McCarty and Second Lieutenants Roberts and Seales . . . are deserving of the highest praise for their personal valor, and for their skill in extricating their companies when entirely surrounded by the enemy" (Stevenson 1864: 177).

"Mr. Adair: -- I hereby transmit to you the names of the members of Company E under my command in the fight near Bolivar on the 30^th of August, and who distinguished themselves for coolness and bravery seldom equalled by more experienced soldiers: . . . Second Lieutenant Roberts of Co. E, whose name appears in Col. Leggett's official report, rendered me material aid on the occasion, and is well deserving all the praise ascribed to him in that document" (Lieut. William Washington McCarty, Co. E, 78^th O.V.I., Morgan County Herald Friday, 10 October 1862).

18 November 1862 Lieut. C. M. Roberts announced as Aid de-Camp to Col. M. D. Leggett, Commanding the 2^nd Brigade, 3^rd Division, in camp near La Grange, Tennessee (General Order No. 6, Col. M. D. Leggett).

8 February 1863 Lt. Cyrus M. Roberts "detailed in Signal duty" reporting to Capt. O. H. Howard, Chief Act'g Signal Officer, at Memphis, Tenn. (Special Orders No. 14, Maj Gen'l McPherson, 17^th Army Corps).

10 February 1863 "To-day Lieutenant Roberts left us to join the Signal Corps, which is being re-established in Grant's command. Ever since we left Lagrange he has been acting as Aid on Colonel Leggett's staff, and was missed by Company E very much, for he was always considered an efficient officer by all the company, and made a No. 1 Lieutenant . . ." (Typo., Camp near Memphis; Stevenson 1865:210).

14 February 1863 Roberts promoted to First Lieutenant.

15 February 1863 Roberts reported on Signal duty at Memphis, Tennessee.

15 April 1863 Roberts reported on Signal duty near Vicksburg, Mississippi.

May 1863

"During the march of the army from Port Gibson to Rocky Springs [Mississippi], the officers of the corps were constantly on duty, reconnoitering the country in front and reporting the result of their observations to commanders to whom they were assigned. Lieutenants [Cyrus M.] Roberts and [Jacob P.] Sampson, with General Logan . . . are entitled to notice for zeal displayed and services rendered during this time.

. . . the officers reconnoitered the country as far in advance of the army as possible, and established stations of observation upon such points as were suitable for that purpose. . . .

At the battle of Champion's Hill the officers were active, and rendered very efficient service. Lieutenant Roberts was engaged in signaling while he could do so, and afterward served on the staff of General Logan, and was complimented by that general for his activity and bravery" (Capt. O. H. Howard, Acting Chief Signal Officer, Hdqrs, Signal Corps, Dept. of the Tennessee, Vicksburg, Miss., august 25, 1863).

REFERENCES

Brown, J. Willard

1896 The Signal Corps, U.S.A. in the War of the Rebellion. U.S. Veteran Signal Corps Association, Boston.

Stevenson, Thomas M.

1865 History of the 78^th Regiment O.V.V.I., from its "Muster-in" to its "Muster-out" . . . Hugh Dunne, Zanesville, Ohio.

THE DIARY

Lt. C.M. Roberts

Volume 1: Sept. 1^st 1863 to Oct. 8^th 1864

H"d Qr"s Signal Corps

August 31^st 1863

Vicksburg, Miss.

H"d Qr"s "Signal Corps"

Vicksburg Miss Sept 1 "63

Morning quite cool. After breakfast, I commence assisting Lt. Sample "Act-Adj't." to make out the payrolls for the Detch- a very pleasant day. In the evening we take a game of "Prisoner's base" my side is victorious Corp"l J. B. Bennett returns from furlough. Some of the officers having brought a bbl of Ale = one of them passes around at 9 P.M. and orders all to get up and drink a glass or stand upon their heads. The most of them take a drink. Lieut. Sampson returns from New Orleans Wilson gets back from home on furlough.

V_g_ Sept 2" 1863

Cool and Pleasant. The Board of Examiners have their first meeting -- but examine no one to=day = was paid up to Aug" 31^st this afternoon - took a draft on N. Y. for $140.

H"d Qr"s "Signal Corps"

Sept" 3^rd 1863

Very pleasant weather.

In the afternoon I visit the 78^th Regiment. Though more especially Co. "E" The boys were feeling pretty well as they had returned the evening before, from a tramp into La. Which lasted 10 or 15 days - to=day they had put on their new clothes and clean shirts, they had left behind when starting; I love to visit my Co. as the boys seem glad to see me and related their experiences. Good news from Home and c. besides, expressing a with "that I would return to the Co." Took supper at the officers mess.

H"d Qr"s "Signal Corps"

Sept" 4^th 1863.

This morning the Board of Ex'm'n'r's met at the Masonic Hall - and I was ordered to be ready to appear when called for. At about 10 A.M. the orderly came for me - and I reported -before them. The "Board" was composed of 5 officers - viz: - One Col. (Blood) One Lieut Col (Hammond) One Surgeon (Maj) and two Captains - (Howard & c)

A Physical Examination being the first on the Programme = I entered a side room and stripped (as was necessary) entirely naked. The Surgeon's first remark was "You are a well built man." And after a close questioning was told "That is sufficient." After this I appeared before the Board when I was examined in Spelling, Reading, Penmanship, Composition, Arithmatic, Chemistry, Philosophy, Topographical Engineering, Surveying, Signaling, My experience under fire, and in making out Returns - Requisitions - & c - & c - & c - If I am commissioned a 1^st Lieut in the new organization - it will be more than my "mere examination" in the foregoing branches - alone - justifies.

The result of the days proceedings will not be known for some time to come [See following page for results].

Having a note due Demster & Robert's since March 1862 - in New Orleans - I apply for a few days leave=of=absence and Capt. Howard gives me ten days. Upon sending my request to - Gen. Grant - his A.A.G. (Rawlins) made me out a twenty-day leave= and I immediately to go on board the "South Wester" - in company with Lieut Sampson, for the above named place. Go on board about twilight - expect to start during the night. Thought the boat being chartered for "government service" she will sail when ordered.

On board Str" South Wester

Vicksburg Sept" 5^th 1863

We did not leave during the night - and early this morning I walked down to the camp (about 1 1/2 miles) ate breakfast & returned to the boat. Ate dinner on board - (price 50 cts per meal) As we do not get loaded to=day - I rode out to camp in the evening - and after supper - played a game of base. Sides equal = and make a draw=game. About 8 P>M. rode back to the boat for fear it might sail without me.

Lts. Baily, Plyby & White were examined to=day. Lieut Plyby did not pass physically = being diseased in the heart.

Head Quarters Dept" of the Tenn.

The Board met persuant to special order No 238 & special order 239 - Present

Col J H Blood 6^th Mo Vols Presdt

Lt Col J H Hammond A.A.G.

Major CS Hewitt Surgeon U.S.

Capt O. H. Howard Signal Officer

Capt Jas B. Fitch 10^th Mo Vols

First Lieut Cyrus M. Roberts of the 78 Reg't of Ohio U.S. Vols Infy a native of the Sate of Ohio aged 24 years, educated at the McConnellsville common school and engaged as Clerk before entering the Service. Appeared before the Board. After Surgical Examination he was found physically qualified for the duties of a signal officer. Having been examined upon the required branches of Education & c. he was found qualified as follows: -

Physical

Condition 7 1/2 Good

___________________________________

Reading 9

Writing 7 1/2

Composition 5

& Spelling 10

6 7/16

Arithmetic 6 1/2

Chemistry 0

Natural

Philosophy 2 1/2

Surveying &

Topography 1

_____________________________________

Signal 9

9 1/2

Record 10

_____________________________________

and the Board recommend him for appointment in the grade of First Lieutenant in the Signal Corps of the Army of the U.S.

J. H. Blood Col 6^th Reg

Inf Mo Vols

Pres'dt

Jas B. Fitch Capt 10^th Mo Infty

Recorder

St'r South Wester = V-g Miss

Sunday - Sept" 6^th 1863

Lay around the boat all=day = hoping to get off every hour. In the afternoon a Steamer B. arrives from Memphis - and our boat receives a large accession of passengers. "Soldiers returning" on Furlough"

We finally leave the fort of V-g about 8 P>M> After sailing about 6 miles we stick on a sand=bar. After working an hour or two get loose - but tie up soon afterwards = for the night.

St'r" S. Wester. Sept" 7^th 1863

Get under headway about daylight. Pass New=Carthage - & Grand Gulf. The latter about 11 A.M. Stop and put off some freight & passengers. Some gun=boat of'c'r's examining papers & c.

The river is very low. Causing our pilot to be very cautious. The lead is often used to try the depth of water at the bow of the boat - at which times the passengers would rush forward to be entertained by the soundings, and the peculiar cry of the leadsman in calling off to the Pilot, the no of fathoms.

Arrived at Natchez about sundown. Took some prisoners aboard - and staid all night. Natchez is the largest and prettiest City in Miss - In a hurried walk through some of the streets, I noticed a great many women & children - having congregated from various parts of the state.

A Division had just crossed the river to make a reconnaissance into Westr'n La= Brig'-Genl" McArthur had come down this far with us - and now takes com'd of the forces at N-z.

Str S. Wester- Sep "8" 1863

We started this morning about daylight - nothing, of interest, happened, particularly until we reach'd Port - Hudson, just as we were opposite their batteries a solid shot was fired - (lighting between the boat & shore) to make us land. The Pilot immediately prepared to land, but before we could turn two shell were fired across the bow - and bursting within 50 or 100 yds of the boat caus'd all hands to dodge & hide or fall flat. I began to fear the rebels had taken repossession of the place, and we were to be taken, but upon a second look saw the federal uniform - although enclosing sable skins - As soon as we landed negro guards were placed by the gangway, and the soldiers on the boat, returning furlough'd men, being under no comd'r' and feeling piqued - because the shell were fired so close to them, and guarded by darkies - made all sorts of fun of the "nigger"

An Officer in white pants seeming to be a little officious = and the crew let loose upon him = calling him "Johnny" with the white pants or spurs. Another Of'c'r wanted to buy of the newsboys - some papers - but the crowd would not let the boy go off the boat - promising to buy all his papers. The Of'c'r finally came aboard and got "what he wanted"

A man wearing uniform, Captn's straps & c. looked very much like a negro - and was a source of new reviling - Arrived at Baton Rogue after night and tied up.

Str. S. Wester Septr 9"/63

Left Baton Rogue just before daylight - The country on both sides of the river is laid off in Plantations and all are cultivated. A full crop of sugar=cane seems to be growing - and the shores do not show destruction - as above Pt. Hudson. The scenery to=day was grand. Donelsonville was destroyed by Ad. Farragut - for harboring Guerillas - and is now very insignificant all the best portion having been fired. A Fort is built N. of the Bayou - and garrisoned by the U.S.A.

Arrived at N. Orleans about 8 o'clock P.M. having eat no supper. Lieut. S. and I walked up Canal St ate 2 doz oysters - each - some ice=cream & c. and took up lodging at private boarding house - kept by a Mrs Bane - And for the 1^st time since entering the army - I slept on a bed with bedstead, mosquito bar & c.

New Orleans La., Sept 10^th

Did not get up too early - went to the St. Mary's market and made a breakfast on chocolate, boil'd eggs, & c. hired a cab and went to the boat after trunk. Called at H"d Q"rs Sig. Corps - but nearly every one had gone with Gen. Franklin to Texas on a march or Reconnaissance. Left our letters return'd to room No 240 Camp St. About 11 o'clock went to Messrs Levi & Deiter, and collected my note on them for $150. Which I did not expect to get, as nearly all the old firms are busted up, and paying nothing. In such circumstances I consider myself very fortunate. At dinner at 1 1/4 P.M. at the Gilpin Restaurant on Soft=shell=crabs, Turtle=soup - Shrimps = Red. Peas, Ice-water & c. Am having decidedly a good time!!

New Orleans, La., Sept. 11^th "63

This morning, although a little coudy [sic], would be a pleasant time to visit the Lake I have a light attack of cholic, however, and am unable to go on a pleasure excursion. Two Tea=spoon fulls of Pain=killer give me much ease, but do not go out until evening. Then as the Citizen Band is advertised to meet at the Jackson Square = and play a few select tunes I go and see the Square where Gen Jackson is in his uniform and upon his prancing war=steed. Cast in iron and placed upon a foundation 10 or 12 feet high.

The stand for the band was close by and against they assembled. The grounds were full of Men, women & children, all gathered to promenade the walks and spend an agreeable hour. Nearly every one around me seemed to be speaking French, even the little children and negroes, all were "lavish with their French" The crowd did not disperse until nearly dark. Horizontal - Rotary Swings or as they were called the "flying horses" were upon the outside of the Square - and by paying five cents I could mount a little wooden horse - and be carried around five minutes. Hand organs and over=strained voices added music to the spectators.

New=Orleans Sep 12^th/63

Called on Mr. Benton's store but he was not in - Found out, at Dr Segan's Drug Store, that Dr Dodson's office was on Canal St. Ate my breakfast at the Poydras St. Market - and from thence took the street cars for the half=way house - from thence took a pleasure=boat -drawn by a mule - for Lake Pontchartrain - went to the Bath=house - and took a swim in the lake - besides a good wash in water too salty to drink. Returned to Hacock's Entertainment and took dinner on cooked & raw oysters. After 3 P.M. returned by way of the race=course where a race was trotted for, it was said, $500. Did not get back to the city until after dark. Lieut. S. and I rolled two games ten=pins, took an ice=cream apiece, and finding I was very near Dr. Dodson's Office - called on him - after this returned to room 240.

New=Orleans La. Sept. 13^th 1863

Sunday - Visited the French Mark't where more than a usual display is made, every S_ outside of the Market=House - were stands of every variety of goods. Dry=goods Hardware, Queensware &cc. & c. & c. and nearly everyone you hear talk, is speaking French, from there we went to the "St. Peter" Catholic Church or Cathedral. The Music & decorations of the Church were most imposing. About 11 A.M. I found my way to Christ's Church - on Canal Street - where I remained during services. The attendance was not large. Gen. Banks was present, also - many other officers - The Church is Episcopal. The Ague attacked me to=day and before I leave the Church my head is burning with fever.

N. O. Sept 14^th -

This morning I devote to buying all the articles I want to take up the river - as the Steamer Champion is advertised to leave at 12 M - About noon move to the boat, but find out she doesn't intend leaving until to=morrow. Ague again to=day

N. O. Sept. 15" 1863

Call on Dr. Dodson - again - find him packing up to start to Philada" to=morrow after wife & daughter. Ague comes on about 11 A.M. Boat leaves @ 9 P.M. after waiting for Brig. Genl" Bowen, U.S.V.A.

On Board Steamboat Champion

Sept 16^th 1863

Did not travel more than 15 miles last night. To=day we are making good progress. Reach Port Hudson after dark. Ague again to=day.

Str" Champion

Sept 17^th 1863

Traveled all night. This is a fine transport - and we have very pleasant passengers. The cabin is covered with Brussels carpet - and everything is new & nice with Intelligent servants. Ague again

Sept. 18^th 1863

Arrived at Vicksburg about daylight. Move to camp about 9 A.M. and report for duty. Ague today, but commence taking Quinine. Weather very cool to=day.

Vicksburg - Set 19" 1863

No ague today - weather very cool. As most all the "corps" are off on duty I get quite lonesome.

Vicksburg Miss Sept 24"

Nothing has transpired of particular interest since my return. Lts. Irvin, Wilson, Hurt, Sampson & I start a mess they appoint me = "Purveyor" + as the rest of the crowd are "strapped" - In the evening Capt. Howard details eight officers - including me to prepare to get on the way to the Dept" of the Gulf = H"d Qr"s New Orleans there to report to the Chief Signal Officers of Genl. Banks' -

V-g- Miss. Sept" 25

Capt. Pigman, Lieutnt's = Irvin, Harris, Roberts, Bailey, Warren, Sizer, & Higbie select our flag & train=men - forty in no - and with 2 trains march to the landing & get on board the Steamer "Emerald" bound to N. Orleans, La. But do not get loaded to=day = mustered as 1^st Lieut 78" O.V.I. to=day -

Saturday Sept" 26" 1863

Str" Emerald -

After loading a lot of Government Forage - 150 mules & c - we leave V-g in the evening, but do not go over 30 miles, when darkness surrounds us and we tie up for the night =close to a gun=boat.

Str" Emerald

Sunday - Sept" 27^th 1863

Our boat is a slow one - weather pleasant. Arrive at Natchez about 2P.M. and commence unloading forage. I mount a horse and take a ride through the city.

Str" Emerald off Natchez

'Sept" 28" 1863

Finish unloading forage - in the afternoon sail up the river 4 miles and load up with firewood - drop down to the City again where we remain all night.

Str" Emerald - Sept" 29^th/63

Leave Natchez very early, about 12 miles below, we stop and take on about 30 cords wood. Weather stormy - all day. In the evening a gun=boat hails us and reports 2,000 rebels with 4 pieces of artillery at Morgan's bend, and we are convoyed to Morganza, a small village 10 miles above Bayou Sara.

Gen. Huron's Division of the 13^th Army Corps was engaging the rebel Dick Taylor at Morganza or two miles back - as we passed by - our forces were burning the village when we landed. Stop over night at Port=Hudson, La.

Str." Emerald, Sept" 30^th 1863

Leave P= H= very early, weather stormy all day so that we remained the most of the time in the cabin. Arrived at New Orleans about 5 o'clock P.M. and started to find the H"d Qr"s of the Signal Corps, but when there, the chief and party had preceded us, and was at Granklin, La. So we remained on the boat all night.

New Orleans, Oct" 1^st" 1863

Called upon Post Q.M. Capt. Mark and procured the use of a large yard used for a cotton press. About 9 oclock a.m. move to the cotton press and fix up Qr"s

New Orleans Louisiana

Monday Octr" 5^th 1863

Since Saturday - we have been unable to get transportation by R. R. to Brashear but are now told we may go this evening - so we pack up, cross the river by ferry to Algiers and find our way to the Depot_ when we report to the Master of transportation = and his reply was = we would have to wait until another evening, as 400 cavalry were now being sent.

We went into camp by the Depot Algiers is a good sized town, and settled with mechanics and working men generally - Irish, French, Dutch & Americans. Our Camp was immediately beset by a score or more of women = peddling cakes, pies, applies, milk, Liquor, & c. & c.

While in the city of N. O. the boys improved their opportunity of seeing the sights. I visited the Lake again and returned "via" of Carrollton, had a pleasant time.

Algiers, La.

Tuesday, Octr" 6^th 1863

We remain in camp all day, about 5 o'clock P.M. we are ordered to strike tents and load our horses & c. on the cars, but against we get 3 of the wagons to the cars, the order countermanded or postponed until 11 P.M. I put up my tent again and tried to sleep, but in vain -

Brashear Louisana

Octr" 7^th 1863

This morning, about 1 o'clock, we were ordered to load our traps on the Cars - we did so, and started for this place about 4 A.M. arrived about noon; sleepy, tired & hungry. Brashear although called a City is rather a small town, being on Berwick Bay and a very good shipping port. In the afternoon we cross over to Berwick, a small town opposite Brashear. This being the head of the Bay - it is not more than two miles across.

As we landed, we noticed several soldiers fishing for crabs along the banks and as we went into camp near by some one brought a hard=shell=crab to my tent - saying he had caught it & told how easily. My Cook ("Joe") threw the crab into boiling water and in 5 minutes brought it back cooked. As it was very good I went to the wharf and finding a little pole with a string attached - also a piece of beef tied on for a bait I went to fishing. After a little while I caught a large one by pulling him to the surface in his eagerness for the bait, and before he let go - slipped a little scoop net under him and secured the prize. I was pretty well satisfied, returned to my tent and had it cooked and eat before going to bed. The Berwick boys almost live on them.

Franklin La - Oct" 8 1863

We started on our march about 6 1/2 A.M. our route is along Bayou Leche (Lash) or Atchafala river. The country low & level, the plantations most splendid, but the houses are all vacant - and going or gone to ruin. Almost every farm has a sugar house - orange trees are almost as numerous as appletrees in Ohio - and at this season of the year, loaded with fruit. We get long poles and knock off the ripe ones, until we are tired. The trees are about the size of thrifty apple trees. We stopped to dine near an orange orchard of about 100 trees. Arrived at Franklin about 5 P.M. and went into camp for the night, having marched about 28 miles.

Camp near New=Iberia La

Oct 9^th 1860

Marched about 26 miles to=day, the road continuing along the Bayou. The country, although covered with sugar plantations has not the supply of oranges, as that we came through yesterday. The people are almost all French and are protected by safe=guards, or the French flag. See many more people, citizens, than yesterday - catch up to the rear of the 13^th". One French Lady owning a plantation had from 10 to 15 hundred hhd's sugar and a large amount of molasses - was supplied with a safe guard.

H"d Qr"s 19^th Army Corps near

Vermillionville La. Oct 10" 1863

To=day Lts. Sizer & Higbie commence running a wire from New Iberia toward Gen. Banks' H"d Q"rs near V_v_ The country becomes rolling as we advance & cross some large prairies - catch up to the advance and report to Capt. Roe - Chief Signal Officer Dept" of the Gulf - A practical man.

Camp near Vermillionville La

H"d Qr"s 19^th Army Corps Oct 11/63

March at 7 A.M. towards Opelousas - 12 miles - leave Lieuts Bailey & Warren at V_v_ at a church steeple for a station. About six miles establish another station, and go on to Carrion Crow Bayou and encamp. We drive some rebel cav. As we advance. Establish a station at Genl. Franklin's H"d Q"rs -

H"d Q"rs 19" Army Corps

In advance Oct " 15^th 1863

We have established a signal station near H"d Qr"s maj. Genl" W. B. Franklin and are doing good business -

This morning firing commences by the Pickets and after breakfast, Capt" Roe wanted Lieut Irvin & I to accompany him to the front. We do so and find that a large body of rebel Cavalry have appeared before us & our Artillery & skirmishers at work. Capt" Roe remains with the Gen. & Lieut Irvin goes to the left & I to the right - and get on top of a house, from which I can see the enemy very plainly - send many messages during the engagement - the rebels withdraw about 11 1/2 A.M. & our Cavalry follow about two miles - had one man killed & about 12 wounded. The rebels seem to have made a reconnaisance in force. Thus ends the skirmish near Carrion Crow Bayou. I followed them beyond our advance Cavalry then returned to H"d Qr"s -

H"d Qr"s 19^th Army Corps

In advance Oct 16^th 1863

Nothing more seen of the enemy = Genl. Franklin had resolved to pitch into them if they appeared again - even if we were without a supply of rations.

Lieut Harris arrived in the evening from N_O_ and brought us mail - in which I recd" orders to go to Columbus O. and open a Recruiting Station for the Signal Corps, U.S.A. My companions think me much favored - and would like to go Home on such an errand.

H"d Qr"s 19^th Army Corps

Near Coura=bleau river Oct. 17.

Genl" Franklin moves his H"d Qr"s 3 mile to the front to-day. I am busy making out papers to turn over my horses & equipments. Very windy, not much Signaling done to-day.

New Iberia La. Oct 18"

After breakfast this morning I take leave of my companions and go to H"d Qr"s Genl" Banks, and after dinner with Lieut's Wicker, Sizer, Abbott & Jackson - Lieut Sizer & I go to N_I_ and arrive 7 P.M. at Lieut Higbie's Office of Signal Telegraph, distance traveled 33 miles.

New Iberia La. Oct 19

Remain at the above place all day waiting for a boat to Brashear = but no one arrives. Lieut Higbie is very busy with his Sig- Telegraph.

New Iberia La

Oct 20^th 1863

The Steamer E. G. Brown arrives during the night and this morning I take my departure along Bayou Leche - nothing remarkable happens during the day = An alligator about 10 or 11 feet long is seen basking himself in the sun, but plunges off of his log into the water upon being fired at by a soldier with pistol. Enter the Atchafala river about dusk and Berwick Bay about 7 o'clock P.M. where a special train is waiting the arrival of Gen Banks' staff - as they are contending for the whole of the passenger car = rather than insist, I take position upon the beds & baggage in the freight car and ride to Algiers very comfortably save the tormenting mosquito whose annoyance lasts from the 1^st of January to the 31^st of Decr" Oh! For the N_ when they are around.

New Orleans La.

Oct" 21^st 1863

Arrived in the City this morning take up boarding with Mrs. Hamilton 269 Camp St. A good Union family - being a widow, and having two sons in the Federal Army. Reported to the Q.M. for transportation but no Government boats are leaving.

New Orleans

Oct 23^rd 1863

The Steamboat Citizen is to leave for the North this evening - consequently as this is my only chance I take passage.

Memphis, Tenn.

Oct 31^st 1863

Arrived here last evening. As it was late I did not find Capt. Howard, but this morning met Lieut Sampson, and was soon shown to H"d Qr"s =

Presented my orders, and arranging to take Sergt" Homer G. Woodin to Columbus, O. with me. Memphis has improved very much since Aprl" 1^st nearly every vacant lot has been taken up and storerooms built thereon - and business seems most flourishing. Several packets are running to Cairo -, with a good share of Patronage & Profit.

The Corps has been divided up to suit the present movements of the Army. Gen. Sherman takes Grant's position of the Dept" of the Tennessee - Gen. Grant has been given 3 Deptmts - The Ohio, Cumberland & Tennessee - To each Army Corps in the Dept. of Tenn. Has been assigned one Capt" & seven Lieutnts. Capt. O. H. Howard making his H"d Qr"s near Genl. Sherman. The weather is good.

Memphis Tenn Nov" 2^nd/63

Turn over my "Signal Kit" and go on board the Steamer "Commercial" bound for Cairo. Segt" Woodin accompanying. At M_ I recd" one months pay from Maj. McGrath - Weather fine.

Cairo, Ill's

Nov"r 4^th 1863

Arrived here about 2 1/2 P.M. find the place very muddy & filthy. Stop at the St. Charles Hotel at 2 1/2 dol's p day - and find it far below my expectations. Eatables poor no tablecloth on the table - room very common & bed ver poor.

I have been on picket duty and slept in my blanket with more satisfaction. Procure ticket for myself & Transportation for Woodin.

On R.R. Nov"r 5^th 1863

Train started at 3,30 A.M. from Cairo Ill's - Reached Centralia for Breakfast. Arrived at Cincinnati, O. about 11 1/2 P.M. & changed cars - for Columbus, O. I took a sleeping car for the first time.

Columbus, Ohio

Nov"r 6^th 1863

Reached this place about 4 1/2 A.M. took a bed in the National Hotel and did not get up till near 8 o'clock A.M. - Saw the Chief Q.M. at the State house, but could not get any Public=rooms - hunted for the balance of the day - to find a suitable room to rent did not succeed in finding one to=day. Ate dinner with Dr. Kennedy at the Buckeye House.

Columbus, O.

Nov= 7^th 1863

Sergt" Woodin & I started out with renewed energy - and succeeded in renting a very good room - though in the 2" Story of the Deshler building - rent 9.00 pm very high, but could get none suitable at a less rate. Rented a stove & procured a table, chairs, bucket, broom & c, & c Got up an advertisement for the Daily Ohio State Journal, also some Posters.

Columbus, Ohio

Monday Novr 9^th 1863

Yesterday - I went to Church - & before the sermon was over, a chill came on me, when I shook like a leaf.

This morning I opened my office, hung out my flags, and was preparing for calls. Advertisements being in the paper - Weather pleasant.

Columbus O

Novr 10" 1863

This morning hired a Poster to put up my bills - in and throughout the City. Had several callers, but on acct of having no Bounty to give upon being mustered no one ventured to enlist.

Columbus, O.

Novr 12^th 1863

Men continue to call - send Posters to Mt. Vernon, Urbanna, Zanesville, Cambridge, McConnellsville - Malta and various other places. Weather clear & moderate

Columbus, O.

Monday Nvr 16"/63

No funds yet recd rather discouraging, when I am having many calls - Other Recr'tg Officers are offering large Bounties and receiving accessions slowly.

Columbus, O.

Novr 18" 18632

Weather damp with showers To=day I enlisted Mr. E. R. G. Satts - of the 1^st U.S. Artillery. Though he is out of money & I can give him no Bounty yet.

Columbus Ohio

Novr 20^th 1863

Weather "cold & wet" - recd another Recruit Wm H. McKinney - though I could not give him Bounty. Sent off my Trimonthly report this A.M. my hands are tied as yet in the way of offering inducements. I reported in fall to Capt. Wm J. L. Nicodemus Asst. Supt. Corps Recruiting Service - hav'nt recd. A line from him since my arrival.

Columbus O. Novr 23"/63

Recd. A communication from Maj. Wm J. L. Nicodemus - requiring a full report of my doings since leaving the Dept. of the Gulf also the authority for opening my Recruiting Station in Col. This order seemed a strange one but I my ans in full

Col. O. Novr 27^th 1863

Recd. J.C. Gosling of Cin. O. as a recruit - explaining to him my inability to pay the first installment.

Columbus, Ohio - Novr 28^th 1863

Recd William R. Owens into the Corps. Weather damp & cold - withdrew my advertisement on the 24^th as I was unable to live up to my agreement therein - concluded to wait further instructions from W - as what men I now have are out of money, and dissatisfied = it is unpleasant to feel under obligations, and have nothing certain to relieve me. If I am to be put off much longer - I will refuse to receive anyone - that I lay myself responsible to.

Columbus, O. Decr 1^st/63

Receive orders from W- City - also money to pay subsistence - & Recruiting expenses - but am not allowed to pay anything but $2 - Premium Send off my Reports for the month of November to Lieut R. P. Strong.

Columbus, O. Decr 3^rd 63

Receive one recruit Jas B. Haynes a Bookkeeper from the firm of Harris & Sigler = Weather pleasant - hav'nt recd. Any ordr's in regard to paying or getting Bounty for my men. It is quite discouraging - as I think I might have recruited 40 or 50 men by this time.

Columbus, O. Decr 7^th 1863

We are having beautiful weather. Recd one recruit Mr. Reinhold Lanstrom, a native of Sweden - occupation Book=keeper. Have made very few acquaintances - & spend my time in the Office Board at the U.S. Hotel.

Columbus, Ohio-

Dec 9^th 1863

We are having beautiful weather. But I have got the blues for once. My funds to pay Bounty have not been recd and my men are applying to me for loans. I have not recd instructions to enable me to proceed- and am doing nothing - have just recd an order to furnish no clothing to my recruits as they will be inspected at Georgetown D.C. & then be uniformed.

How trying it is to be ordered to do something - and after striving to do your best - find you have done wrongly - and know not how to proceed.

Before receiving the order I had drawn money of my own t lend the boys - also drew clothing - under my present circumstances I am afraid to promise my men anything - as I have been frustrated several times already. I would rather be doing the most severe campaigning - than to be situated.

Columbus, Ohio

Monday Decr 14^th 1863

For a few days we have had rainy, drizzling, weather. This afternoon the wind is blowing and the mud drying up. Getting cold. A little snow about 2 P.M. but none of acct- I have recd nothing more from "[. . . ?] Asst Supt Rectg [?] service" Capt. O. H. Howard advises me by letter to close my office until I get full instructions. Indeed it is only kept open as a place to loaf & kill time.

Yesterday I attended Sabbath School, & Preaching in the morning at the 1^st Baptist Church In the afternoon went to a German Catholic Church - to hear the music. During the sermon I went to sleep - at night went to hear the Pastor of the Congregationalist Church - Mr. Goodman - and was very much interested. He gives me more elevating ideas than any other Pastor I heard in the City. I think I leave church better prepared to battle with every day life than when I entered!

A few pews were set apart or especially dedicated to soldiers - and every pew in the Church was supplied with a book containing hymns & written music (adaptable) on the same page. I think it was called "Puritan's Collection" by Beecher.

Columbus Ohio

Decr 24^th 1863

Started for McConnelsville at 4 A.M. when I reached Zanesville found the Muskingum river frozen over, so I took a space in a hack - already too much crowded.

After going 8 miles the axle broke and the load tumbled out - but procured a farm wagon and sent jolting along the balance of the way - reach'd McConnelsville about 4 P.M.

Malta Ohio

Dec 25^th 1863

Spent the morning in McC- but went back over the river to Mrs. James Rogus where a sumptious dinner was prepared for the family gathering - had a pleasant time - & went home.

2234-2-5-1434-11-123-5-2234-23-114-234-231-55 - [code?]

Spent the evening at Mr. James B. Welch's - where I was kindly entertain'd with music accompanied by voice's of Misses Frank & Kate. The ferry not running on acct. of ice I staid with Eck- McConnell at Brewster & McCarty's store.

McConnelsville, O.

Dec 26

Ran around the most of the day, but went out to Cous. S. C. Brewster's farm 1 3/4 miles and spent the night, also settled up my business of over two years standing.

McC- Dec. 27^th

Weather wet & roads muddy, got back to town in time to go to church and Rev. Henry Barker preach an interesting sermon at the Baptist Church - remained at Mrs. Barker's the remainder of the day. Attended the Presbyterian Church in the evening and heard Rev. Kelly - Still raining.

McC- Dec. 28^th

To=day I sold the house and lot belonging to Sister Mattie & I - to Miss Matilda Pickett - for 1143-11114-11111.5 in the evening attended an exhibition of "Dred" or "A tale of the Dismal Swamp" held in the Town Hall, by the young folks of McC- was quite interesting and had a full house

McC- Decr. 29"/63

Expected to return to Columbus today, but the hack left me - and I have to wait until to-morrow. Attend the exhibition again in the evening - house jammed.

Decr. 30^th 1863

The "Falcon" blows her whistle early in the morning and I jump aboard with my friend Martin R. Andrews who has enlisted with me. Reached Zanesville about 1/1/2 P.M. Mattie & I stop at the Zane House but as soon as she does a little shopping - starts back on the "Falcon" I meet 3 other recruits awaiting me - and start for Columbus at 10-30 P.M. with squad.

Columbus Ohio

Decr. 31^st 1863

Reached this place about 2 A.M. & find 22 men awaiting me as I expected to start them to Washington to-day. Buy transportation for 24 men - but think it best not to start until to-morrow morning train.

Jan 1^st 1864

Columbus, Ohio -

Start 23 men in charge of Sergt. H. G. Woodin to the camp of Instruction at Georgetown, D.C. Weather extremely cold - and wind blowing fiercely. Commence making out my returns for Decmbr' 63

Columbus Ohio

January 9^th 1864

Weather very cold; during the past 9 days the thermometer has ranged from zero to 10 degrees below. Many have frozen to death in the different parts of the country - about 4 inches of snow is on the ground and the bells are jingling all the day - price for sleigh & Horse, one hour 2.00 - if you are a particular friend you can get it six hours for nine dollars.

The ague has given me another trial this week, and I keep pretty close to the stove. The Legislature is in session here and the City - full of people. Dr. Dorsey gave us a lecture upon the Genl & Statesman Andrew Jackson - last evening in the Representative hall in Commemoration of the battle of New Orleans.

Columbus, Ohio.

Jan"y 27^th 1864

This morning I started 16 recruits to the Camp of Instruction Georgetown, D.C. in charge of Homer G. Woodin.

We are having Spring weather - and the streets are crowded, almost, with soldiers Regiments that have served two years are re=enlisting and coming home to be organized into Veteran Regt's - and recruit to the maximum number. Recruiting has been pretty good.

Columbus Ohio - March 1^st 1864

During the last month I have enlisted and accepted 106 recruits very many were rejected - others I had no time to wait on and went away. Had to work from 8 1/2 A.M. 'til 10 or 11 P.M. nearly every day. The draft is hurrying men into the service - and I am getting my choice of applicants.

Columbus, Ohio

April 6^th 1864

Having recd an order from the Sec of War discontinuing this station I am ordered to Indianapolis Indiana to open a Rectg Station for the Signal Corps U.S.A. since opening my office at this place I have recd about 185 men 2 or 3 of whom were rejected after arriving at the Camp of Instruction, Georgetown D.C.

Have had a pleasant time here, though did not get acquainted with many who are equal to superior to my old associates in McConnelsville, O. having been engaged in the way and its associations for nearly two years in the field, I do not feel like sacrificing any of my regard for the society I formerly was a member of - consequently did not cultivate my acquaintances in this place.

Had a very good and pleasant Boarding house at Mrs. Osgood's 210 town Street. And pleasant room mates Lieuts Lloyd Fisher & Wood. And Lt. Col. Wall of the 25^th Ill's. All wounded.

Rect Office Signal Corps U.S.A.

Indianapolis, Ind. Aprl 13^th 1864

After much running about and enquiring - I obtained an office as Hd" Qr"s - bought Table, chairs, stove & c. & c. and am ready to commence Recruiting in earnest - though nave no place to board recruits at Government rates.

Indianapolis is a very busy & energetic place - at present crowded with solders. "Veterans" on Furlough. The prices of everything are enormously high for this country. I stepped into a 2^nd class Hotel and inquired the prices of Boarding - the answer was $14. Per week and $45. Pr mo. One reason for these high prices must be - The Boarding houses have all they can attend to and the Hotels are crowded with Officers and soldiers, who, having just returned from the front are remarkably liberal and pay any price asked.

Rectg Office Signal Corp U.S.A.

Indianapolis Ind. Apl 27^th 1864

Weather cloudy, has been wet, very wet, during the last month. Returned yesterday from a two days visit to Uncle Lucas Gillingham's family in Wabash Co. Ind. Found Cous. S.A. Tyson in a decline and not expected to live long.

Recta's very dull. Gov Morton of Ind. Has called for 20,000 one-hundred day men to garrison the border town forts & c while the three year troops go to the front and close the war if possible, this campaign or year.

The stores and business houses close at 12. M. to pay all attention to recruiting merchants are offering to keep up the pay of clerks, and situation when returning, if any turn out.

The Government Bounty is $100. And no Local Bounty in the State so there is little inducement to go for 3 years. Indiana is ahead of Ohio in regard to enthusiastic Loyalty. Every Veteran Regiment, returning home are met at this place with quite a reception - cannon firing an hour or two in quick succession and a dinner prepared by the Ladies who give a returning soldier a welcome and cheer the heart as only ladies can do. Every Regiment or detachment passing through this city have good quarters and plenty of good cooked rations, already furnished and at hand.

Recruiting Office S. C.U.S.A.

Indianapolis, Ind May 13^th/64

By order of the Secretary of War I close my rectg station and am to report tot he Commanding Genl "Dept of Kansas" but will wait until the 17^th to close up my accts. The weather is excellent. The people are very hopeful about the operations of Genl Grant after his six days fighting near Richmond - and the news of this morning is the best we have yet received. We think the "beginning of the end" is approaching.

St. Louis, Mo

May 18^th 1864

Left Indianapolis, Ind. At 10. 25 P.M. yesterday and arrived here about 11 A.M. to=day - reported at the Hd Qrs of Maj. Genl. Rosecrans. Recd. An order on the Quarter Master for Transportation - and a pass to remain in the City. Did not see Genl. R. as the Asst. Adjt. Genl. Transacted the business. After procuring an order for transportation for myself and two men - Sergt. Homer G. Woodin and James H. Hiatt" we went on board the Steamboat, M Mapham, which was advertised to leave at 4 P.M. but was informed (on board) she would not leave until next day, but as this was as soon as any other boat would go, I remained on board.

Towards evening I took a street car for "Lafayette Square or Park" - situated at the South Western extremity of the City. The Park contained about 10 acres and was well laid out although in poor repair. West of the Park was one of the line of forts in the rear of the City, built by Genl. Fremont in 1861 - it was a strong work, but as it was not garrisoned, was getting impaired.

St. Louis, Mo.

May 19^th 1864

This morning I visited the "Benton Barracks" about 3 miles North west of the "Court House. Went & returned by Street Cars = The Barracks were much better than I anticipated, in the eastern part was the "Genl. Hospital situated in a very pleasant grove which was sodded nicely - and laid out in gravel walks - the grass was long and luxuriant, and protected by a light board fence, very nicely white-washed - the trees were also nicely whitewashed to the height of 8 feet, the out houses, offices, chapel and all the buildings were white=washed also, so that on as pretty a morning, the effect was excellent. The enclosure all together contains near 25 acres, I should think, and the buildings occupied by colored soldiers squads of men were seen drilling in different places, preparing for the field.

In the afternoon I attended the "Mississippi Valley Sanitary Fair" admittance once dollar. The building was erected of boards for the express purpose = and extended one square in length, had wings also - which gave it somewhat a shape of the cross. To give a description of the variety as seen in the different Departments, would take too long, besides, I had but two hours to go through the whole collection, for fear the boat would leave. Nearly $200,000 had already been contributed in the variety. There were many inducements to spend the extra green=backs = viz. - the Skating Park, Holland & Yankee Kitchens, Ice=cream = soda water & Lemonade = eatables of all varieties, and goods of all descriptions.

S.B. = M.S. Mepham

May 20^th 1864

Do not leave St. Louis until 7 o'clock A.M. as we leave the city the Manufacturing establishments are displayed along the river, and the wharf represents an arc - Twenty=five miles above city the Missouri river enters the Miss- and Alton Ill"s is seen upon the Ill's bank just above the entrance. The town is situated on a bluff, and has a commanding appearance.

Hd Qrs "Fort Leavenworth, "K.

May 25^th 1864

After 6 days of hard work and skillful Piloting our boat reaches this point. The river is low; the snags sand bars & islands innumerable, are impediments that will always hinder a rapid and beautiful sail up the Missouri river; - when the water is very low, the channel is washed anew every season.

Many beautiful farms and plantations were passed; some on an extensive prairie bottom and others on the rougher broken country that is seen often upon both sides of the river, high and steep declivities of rock are often seen and the buzzard hovering or perching ' round indicates the place of rearing their young. The timber along the banks was good cordwood selling from 2/1/2 to 4 dollars per cord, as we ascended the river.

The landing place, the battle=ground of our forces under Genl Lyon were visible, just below Boonville Mo. Also the fort surrendered by Col. Mulliken after a desperate contest at Lexington, Mo. To Genl Price of the rebels. The towns along the river are generally neat and cleanly in appearance - though unable to do much business on account of the war. The people seem enterprising - some hemp was seen at the landings ready (in bales) to be shipped.

Obituary of Captain Roberts

A Tribute to the Memory of the Late Captain Cyrus M. Roberts, by Prof. W. A. Chamberlin, of Denison University, Granville, Ohio:

Prefatory Notes and Important Dates

Volume 1: Sept. 1st 1863 to Oct. 8th 1864

Volume 1: Sept. 1^st 1863 to Oct. 8^th 1864